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CHAPTER XVIII-- DESCARTES

Man and Machine

What is the connection, and is anything else needed?

I. DESCARTES AND MATHEMATICS--WHAT IS RELIABLE KNOWLEDGE, AND WHAT ROLE DOES REASON PLAY?

II. FATHER OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY BUT HATED IT!!!--WHY? (P. 231)

A. HIS PROJECT WENT BEYOND ‘BRIDGE BUILDING’

B. EPISTEMOLOGY--SIMPLE TO COMPLEX--THE ‘COGITO ERGO SUM’ ARGUMENT P. 235), AND AMERICAN READERS MIGHT BE MORE FAMILIAR WITH SHAKESPEARE'S TAMING OF THE SHREW AS AN EXAMPLE OF DREAMING IN ART. RECALL WHAT SLY IS ASKED TO BELIEVE.

IF YOU PREFER THE 24TH CENTURY, CAPT. PICARD'S ENTERPRISE (TNG) OFFERS A HIGH-TECH DRAMATIZATION OF THE COGITO ARGUMENT. THINK DATA AND PROFESSOR MORIATRY.

C. ARGUMENT FOR GOD'S EXISTENCE--IS THERE A FLAW--recall St.Thomas Aquinas' arguments for the existence of God.

D. ARGUES FOR THE CONCEPT OF INNATE IDEAS--TRACED BACK TO PLATO.

E. GOD AS PERFECT WOULD NOT DECEIVE US SO WHAT OUR SENSES REPORT AS REAL MUST BE REAL--THE PHYSICAL WORLD EXISTS.

F. MATTER = EXTENSION AND IDEAS = THOUGHT (P. 237).

G. DESCARTES MAINTAINS A FUNDAMENTAL DISTINCTION BETWEEN MIND AND MATTER AND IS CALLED A DUALIST.

H. WE THINK SAD AND HAPPY THOUGHTS, AND WE CRY.

I. WHAT METHODOLOGY DID HE DERIVE FOR SOLVING ANY PROBLEM, AND HOW IS DEDUCTION INVOLVED? SEE ESPECIALLY PAGE 233.

III. SOPHIE'S DIALOGUE WITH THE COMPUTER:

A. ID'S HILDE AND SOPHIE AS THE SAME AGE AND BOTH CELEBRATING WITH A PARTY. JUNG MIGHT BE HELPFUL HERE.

B. CANNOT ID HILDE’S FATHER BEYOND UN ROLE--why: what is the metaphysics and epistemology?

C. ALBERTO SEEMS SURPRISED WHEN COMPUTER ID'S ITSELF AS MAJOR KNAG (HILDE'S DAD).

D. NOTE THE CONNECTION --ALBERT KNAG AND ALBERTO KNOX.

E. WHAT ALLUSION DOES 'LOATHSOME DATA VIRUS' (P. 242) SUGGEST, AND NOTE BAGATELLE APPEARS AGAIN.


REMEMBER THAT AS WE JOURNEY WITH SOPHIE, GAARDER WILL INCREASINGLY USE FLASHBACK AND FORESHADOWING TECHNIQUES.

THE ARCHETYPE ARE THE QUEST AND THE SHADOW: THE JOURNEY TO ACQUIRE WISDOM. BE AWARE OF CONTINUITY, AND THE SHADOW TO REMIND US OF WHAT IS BURIED. DOES SOPHIE HAVE ONE?

OF COURSE ANY IDEA IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY CAN BE TRACED TO PLATO AND ARISTOTLE.

POINT OF VIEW AND THE RECOGNITION OF MOTIFS BECOME ESSENTIAL NOW...

WHAT MOTIFS SEEM TO APPEAR WITH INCREASING FREQUENCY IN THE NOVEL, AND WHY ARE THEY USED, PHILOSOPHICALLY AND DRAMATICALLY?


SUPPLEMENTARY READING

PLEASE LOG ON TO THE SUPPLEMENTARY READING PAGE FOR THIS CLASS AND READ THE SELECTIONS FROM DESCARTES.

THIS SITE PLACES DESCARTES IN HIS HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL CONTEXT. (BRYN MAWR COLLEGE by Robert Wozniak )